完(wan)善的工業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)體制(zhi)，是實現工業(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)的重要保(bao)障。工業(ye)(ye)(ye)在(zai)國(guo)民(min)經濟(ji)發(fa)展中的主導(dao)地位不(bu)斷(duan)增強(qiang)(qiang)，是經濟(ji)發(fa)展的重要動力(li)。在(zai)未來一段時(shi)期，我(wo)國(guo)工業(ye)(ye)(ye)經濟(ji)發(fa)展面臨的內外部(bu)經濟(ji)環境將會不(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)生變(bian)化(hua)(hua)，我(wo)們應不(bu)斷(duan)探索完(wan)善工業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)(li)方式，加(jia)快推動我(wo)國(guo)從工業(ye)(ye)(ye)大國(guo)向工業(ye)(ye)(ye)強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)轉變(bian)。

一、新(xin)形勢對我國(guo)工業管理(li)方式提出新(xin)要(yao)求

從工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規律上看(kan)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)進入新(xin)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段要求不(bu)(bu)斷改革工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)。發(fa)(fa)達經(jing)(jing)驗表(biao)明，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段不(bu)(bu)同(tong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體制機(ji)制也會隨(sui)之進行(xing)動態(tai)調整(zheng)，這種調整(zheng)與當時的(de)(de)(de)(de)國情、發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)戰略以及工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段密切相關(guan)。近三四十年來，西方(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)就擺脫了(le)(le)傳(chuan)統(tong)命令控制型監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，開(kai)始更(geng)多地運用激勵性監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、回應性監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、協同(tong)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等現代管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，這些(xie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)更(geng)加靈活(huo)多變、更(geng)富效(xiao)率。如戰后(hou)初期日本實施(shi)“貿易立(li)國”，主管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是通商(shang)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)省，通過(guo)制定產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)政(zheng)策、直接(jie)干(gan)(gan)預(yu)等手段，推進了(le)(le)基礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。2001年，為(wei)(wei)適應國內外經(jing)(jing)濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)需要，日本提出“經(jing)(jing)濟立(li)國”戰略，通商(shang)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)省便更(geng)名為(wei)(wei)經(jing)(jing)濟產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)省，職責(ze)和(he)機(ji)構(gou)都進行(xing)了(le)(le)很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)調整(zheng)，而且在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)中減少了(le)(le)政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)直接(jie)干(gan)(gan)預(yu)。當前，我國正處于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)處于中期向(xiang)后(hou)期過(guo)渡的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵階(jie)(jie)(jie)段，產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結構(gou)不(bu)(bu)斷升級，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)與信息化(hua)相互融合，我國工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)已經(jing)(jing)站在(zai)了(le)(le)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起點上，傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)改革勢在(zai)必(bi)行(xing)。

從產(chan)業發展規劃(hua)來看，推(tui)進(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)業強國(guo)、網(wang)絡強國(guo)建(jian)設(she)需(xu)要現代化(hua)(hua)工業管(guan)理方式與之相(xiang)適應(ying)(ying)。當前，我國(guo)正在(zai)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)創新驅(qu)動發展戰(zhan)略，積極實施制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)強國(guo)戰(zhan)略、網(wang)絡強國(guo)戰(zhan)略，全面推(tui)進(jin)“中(zhong)國(guo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)2025”，提出“三步走”的(de)戰(zhan)略目標(biao)。實現制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)(zao)強國(guo)的(de)目標(biao)，必需(xu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)統籌謀劃(hua)，在(zai)這一過程(cheng)中(zhong)，需(xu)要政府充分發揮好引(yin)導、激勵作(zuo)用。為此，必需(xu)深(shen)化(hua)(hua)行(xing)(xing)政管(guan)理體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革，不斷探索與之相(xiang)適應(ying)(ying)的(de)行(xing)(xing)業管(guan)理方式，營造(zao)(zao)公平競爭(zheng)的(de)市(shi)場環(huan)境，完善政策體(ti)(ti)系，對(dui)行(xing)(xing)業進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分類指導，從而推(tui)動工業轉型升級。

從新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)興產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展需求(qiu)來看，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)模式不斷(duan)涌現要求(qiu)不斷(duan)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)方式。新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)是當(dang)前經濟競爭(zheng)的(de)(de)高地。當(dang)前，新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一輪科技革(ge)命(ming)和(he)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)變革(ge)蓄勢(shi)待發(fa)(fa)，以(yi)信息技術(shu)帶領(ling)的(de)(de)技術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不斷(duan)實現突破(po)，對制(zhi)(zhi)造業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產生了(le)顛覆性的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，推動新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)技術(shu)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)和(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)模式孕(yun)育發(fa)(fa)展，如“互聯網(wang)+傳統行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”、分享經濟等，推進(jin)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生產方式深(shen)刻變革(ge)，出現分散(san)制(zhi)(zhi)造、個(ge)性化(hua)定制(zhi)(zhi)等模式。我國(guo)現行的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)方式無法涵(han)蓋和(he)適應新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)特(te)征，監(jian)管(guan)方式亟需創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，如智(zhi)能(neng)網(wang)聯汽(qi)車，跨界融合特(te)征明顯(xian)，涉(she)及(ji)多個(ge)部門；再如工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)互聯網(wang)、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)器人等。應抓(zhua)住這(zhe)一時間窗口(kou)期，進(jin)一步全面深(shen)化(hua)改革(ge)，在工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)理(li)中更多運用(yong)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)理(li)念(nian)和(he)思(si)維，以(yi)及(ji)市場化(hua)、法制(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)手段(duan)來解決發(fa)(fa)展中遇到的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)情況(kuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)問題，為產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展提供(gong)保障。

二、進(jin)一步(bu)完善我國工業(ye)管理方式(shi)的(de)對策(ce)建議(yi)

從當前(qian)我國的工(gong)業管理(li)(li)來看，仍存在著許多(duo)與當前(qian)形(xing)勢不相(xiang)適應的地方。如(ru)，政府在管理(li)(li)過程(cheng)中(zhong)程(cheng)度上(shang)仍存在著越位、缺(que)位和錯位的現象(xiang)，服務體系欠完備；工(gong)業領域法制建設與轉變工(gong)業發展方式、調(diao)整(zheng)產業結構和發展新興產業的要求相(xiang)比，有待進一(yi)步加強等。所以，我們(men)應與時俱(ju)進，不斷調(diao)整(zheng)工(gong)業管理(li)(li)方式。

更(geng)新(xin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)，適應(ying)新(xin)形勢(shi)新(xin)需求。在當前的(de)(de)(de)“互聯網+”時代，政(zheng)府(fu)應(ying)轉變(bian)傳統對(dui)工(gong)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)，解放思(si)想，強化觀念(nian)(nian)創新(xin)。一(yi)是普及創新(xin)思(si)維，加強事中事后監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，以包(bao)容的(de)(de)(de)心態看(kan)待新(xin)生事物，積(ji)極(ji)支持(chi)行(xing)業(ye)創新(xin)和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)自我創新(xin)。二是實(shi)(shi)現(xian)從“管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)控”到(dao)“監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)”的(de)(de)(de)重大(da)轉型，更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用彈性、柔和的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)方式(shi)。應(ying)針(zhen)對(dui)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)對(dui)象、不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)業(ye)進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)類別、分(fen)方式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，從而提高監管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)有效(xiao)性。三是管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與服(fu)務有效(xiao)整合。寓管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)于(yu)服(fu)務之(zhi)中，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)與服(fu)務并(bing)重，以科學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)手段實(shi)(shi)現(xian)對(dui)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)宏觀管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，以可靠的(de)(de)(de)服(fu)務方式(shi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)對(dui)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)微觀調(diao)控。

建立(li)健全(quan)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)、執行(xing)(xing)(xing)和監(jian)(jian)督(du)相協調的(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)機制。提(ti)高工(gong)業(ye)管理的(de)(de)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)水平、執行(xing)(xing)(xing)能力(li)和監(jian)(jian)督(du)效果(guo)。一是(shi)完善科學化(hua)、民主化(hua)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)機制，以(yi)保證(zheng)決(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)的(de)(de)正(zheng)確性。二是(shi)建立(li)工(gong)業(ye)管理決(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)、監(jian)(jian)督(du)機制和反饋機制，推進工(gong)業(ye)管理的(de)(de)良(liang)性循環(huan)。規范重大決(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)基本程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)，使得工(gong)業(ye)管理決(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)過程(cheng)(cheng)實現程(cheng)(cheng)法制化(hua)、程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)化(hua)，從決(jue)(jue)策(ce)(ce)、執行(xing)(xing)(xing)等環(huan)節強化(hua)監(jian)(jian)督(du)。

三是進(jin)一步健全各(ge)部門間的協調機(ji)制。

進一(yi)(yi)步理順部門間(jian)職責分工，厘清職責范圍(wei)，健全部門間(jian)協調(diao)配合機制，形成多(duo)方參與的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理體(ti)(ti)系(xi)。 　　有效利(li)用(yong)多(duo)元(yuan)化的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理手(shou)段(duan)(duan)，提高行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)管(guan)理效率。一(yi)(yi)是在優化傳統(tong)管(guan)理手(shou)段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，加(jia)強(qiang)間(jian)接管(guan)理和(he)事(shi)中(zhong)事(shi)后監管(guan)。在工業(ye)(ye)各(ge)領域(yu)積極推行(xing)(xing)“雙隨機、一(yi)(yi)公開”的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理方式(shi)，實施公正(zheng)監管(guan)，同時強(qiang)化行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)自律(lv)(lv)。針對(dui)不同行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)，采(cai)取(qu)各(ge)有側重的(de)(de)(de)監管(guan)手(shou)段(duan)(duan)。積極探索適應(ying)(ying)新(xin)動能(neng)加(jia)速成長所需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)審慎監管(guan)手(shou)段(duan)(duan)，對(dui)新(xin)產業(ye)(ye)新(xin)業(ye)(ye)態采(cai)取(qu)既具彈(dan)性又規(gui)(gui)范的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理。三是加(jia)強(qiang)法律(lv)(lv)手(shou)段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)。借鑒歐(ou)美的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗(yan)，完善(shan)(shan)工業(ye)(ye)立(li)法，完善(shan)(shan)部分行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展所需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)法律(lv)(lv)法規(gui)(gui)，構建(jian)指導(dao)政策、技術(shu)標(biao)準(zhun)、法律(lv)(lv)規(gui)(gui)范三位一(yi)(yi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)政策法律(lv)(lv)體(ti)(ti)系(xi)，統(tong)籌(chou)使用(yong)法律(lv)(lv)、經(jing)濟和(he)行(xing)(xing)政等手(shou)段(duan)(duan)。

創(chuang)新工業服(fu)務手段，進一(yi)步(bu)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)政府服(fu)務體(ti)系(xi)。一(yi)是(shi)營造(zao)良好營商環(huan)境。強(qiang)化企(qi)(qi)業在(zai)市場(chang)(chang)經濟中的(de)主體(ti)地位，反對不(bu)正當(dang)競爭，尊重市場(chang)(chang)，健全統一(yi)、開(kai)放(fang)、競爭、有序的(de)市場(chang)(chang)體(ti)系(xi)，為(wei)(wei)所(suo)有企(qi)(qi)業創(chuang)造(zao)一(yi)個公(gong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)競爭的(de)市場(chang)(chang)環(huan)境。二(er)是(shi)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)共服(fu)務平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)建(jian)設(she)(she)，為(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)業提供有效(xiao)(xiao)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)，加強(qiang)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)服(fu)務和引導服(fu)務。為(wei)(wei)企(qi)(qi)業提供一(yi)站式服(fu)務，提高(gao)行(xing)(xing)政效(xiao)(xiao)率。三是(shi)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)以信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)技(ji)術(shu)為(wei)(wei)支撐的(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)理系(xi)統。加強(qiang)大數(shu)據、云計算(suan)等技(ji)術(shu)的(de)應用(yong)，開(kai)發應用(yong)各(ge)(ge)種新的(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)技(ji)術(shu)手段，完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)安全保障等關鍵技(ji)術(shu)環(huan)節(jie)，制(zhi)定相(xiang)關標(biao)準規范、管(guan)(guan)理辦法和制(zhi)度(du)措施(shi)，提高(gao)行(xing)(xing)業管(guan)(guan)理的(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)化水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)“互(hu)聯網+政務服(fu)務”配套支撐體(ti)系(xi)。加強(qiang)公(gong)共數(shu)據平(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)等基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)，建(jian)立大數(shu)據庫，推進各(ge)(ge)工業管(guan)(guan)理各(ge)(ge)部門(men)之(zhi)間信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)交流(liu)和資(zi)源共享，解決“信(xin)(xin)息(xi)(xi)孤(gu)島”問(wen)題(ti)，提高(gao)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)透明度(du)和監(jian)管(guan)(guan)效(xiao)(xiao)率。