統計局(ju)(ju)9日(ri)發(fa)布了2019年10月份全國CPI（居民消費價格(ge)指數(shu)）和(he)PPI（工業(ye)生產(chan)者(zhe)出(chu)廠價格(ge)指數(shu)）數(shu)據。對此，統計局(ju)(ju)城市司(si)統計師沈赟進行(xing)了解讀(du)。

一、CPI環比漲(zhang)幅與上月相(xiang)同，同比漲(zhang)幅擴大(da)

從環比(bi)(bi)看，CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)0.9%，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)與上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月(yue)相同。其中，食品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)3.6%，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月(yue)擴大0.1個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，影(ying)響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約0.78個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)；非食品(pin)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)0.2%，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)與上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月(yue)相同，影(ying)響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約0.12個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。食品(pin)中，鮮(xian)果和(he)(he)鮮(xian)菜供應充足，價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)下降5.7%和(he)(he)1.7%，兩項合計影(ying)響(xiang)CPI下降約0.14個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。雞蛋價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)由漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)轉降，下降1.5%，影(ying)響(xiang)CPI下降約0.01個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。豬肉價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)20.1%，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)比(bi)(bi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)月(yue)擴大0.4個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，影(ying)響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約0.79個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，占CPI環比(bi)(bi)總漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)的近九成。受豬肉價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)拉動與消(xiao)費替(ti)代需求影(ying)響(xiang)，牛肉、羊肉、雞肉和(he)(he)鴨(ya)肉價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)均有所上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)在1.0%—3.1%之間，四項合計影(ying)響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約0.06個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。非食品(pin)中，受換(huan)季影(ying)響(xiang)，服裝(zhuang)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)0.4%，影(ying)響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約0.02個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。國慶節(jie)期(qi)間出行(xing)增(zeng)加(jia)，賓館住(zhu)宿(su)、旅(lv)行(xing)社收費和(he)(he)飛機票價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)2.1%、0.7%和(he)(he)0.5%，三項合計影(ying)響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約0.01個(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。

從同比看，CPI上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)3.8%，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)比上(shang)(shang)月擴大(da)0.8個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。其中(zhong)，食(shi)品價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)15.5%，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)擴大(da)4.3個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約(yue)3.05個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)；非食(shi)品價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)0.9%，漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)回落0.1個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約(yue)0.70個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。食(shi)品中(zhong)，鮮(xian)(xian)菜價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)下降(jiang)(jiang)10.2%，鮮(xian)(xian)果價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)由漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)轉降(jiang)(jiang)，下降(jiang)(jiang)0.3%，兩(liang)項(xiang)合(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)CPI下降(jiang)(jiang)約(yue)0.28個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。豬肉(rou)(rou)價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)101.3%，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約(yue)2.43個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)，占CPI同比總(zong)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)的近三分(fen)(fen)(fen)之二。牛肉(rou)(rou)、羊肉(rou)(rou)、雞肉(rou)(rou)、鴨肉(rou)(rou)和雞蛋價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幅(fu)在12.3%—21.4%之間，五項(xiang)合(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約(yue)0.41個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。非食(shi)品中(zhong)，醫療保(bao)健、教(jiao)育文化(hua)和娛樂、衣著價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)2.1%、1.9%和1.2%，三項(xiang)合(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)CPI上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)約(yue)0.49個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。交(jiao)通和通信價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)下降(jiang)(jiang)3.5%，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)CPI下降(jiang)(jiang)約(yue)0.42個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)；其中(zhong)，汽(qi)油和柴油價(jia)(jia)(jia)格(ge)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別下降(jiang)(jiang)15.4%和16.2%，兩(liang)項(xiang)合(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)CPI下降(jiang)(jiang)約(yue)0.36個(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。

扣除(chu)(chu)食品和(he)能源(yuan)價(jia)格的(de)核心CPI環(huan)比上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)0.1%，漲(zhang)幅比上(shang)(shang)月回落(luo)0.1個百分點；同比上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)1.5%，漲(zhang)幅與(yu)上(shang)(shang)月相(xiang)同。如扣除(chu)(chu)豬肉價(jia)格上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)因(yin)素，CPI環(huan)比上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)約(yue)0.1%，同比上(shang)(shang)漲(zhang)約(yue)1.3%，總體穩定。